Gold In Grendel Essays - Beowulf, Grendel, Parallel Literature

Gold In Grendel Gold has many different uses. In John Gardner's novel Grendel, it is used as a motif to symbolize different aspects of a character. Though it has a constant meaning throughout the novel, it also differs according to each character. Gardner uses gold as a symbol of majesty as well as protection, greed and power throughout the novel especially related to the characters of the Shaper, Hrothgar and the Dragon respectively. To the Shaper, gold symbolizes majesty as well as protection. He was ?beyond the need of any shaggy old gold-friend's pay (49).? The Shaper did not merely work to earn his gold; he sang his songs of old because they were his passion and his love. The king supported him, and that was all he needed. He had no desire to obtain the gold, and in turn, he gained more. The gold was also his protector. At the time of his death, the women covered his eyes with gold to keep him from seeing where he went (145). It protected him from seeing the corruption and greed in society. Because of this protection, he was able to keep his focus on the inspiration of his songs. Then there is Hrothgar, to whom gold symbolizes majesty as well as greed. During the wars between the various kings, they threaten to steal each other's gold and burn the meadhalls (33). The gold became a symbol to the people of who was the stateliest ruler between the Danes. The gold became their supremacy. To Hrothgar, as well as the other kings, their gold symbolizes their greed for the other's kingdom and the other's wealth. Hrothgar coveted the gold of other kings and made it his quest to control what he wanted. Even his own sons did not care about their father. They merely weighed his worth by how much gold he possessed (53). Their greed for power outweighed their desire for justice in ruling. They only wanted money. To the Dragon, gold symbolizes majesty and power over humans. Gardner first describes the Dragon as ?vast and red-golden? with tusks that shimmered as if they were made of gold(57). The dragon is very prestigious. He has the demeanor of a ruler. He understands and he knows the future and sees that as a form of power and control over everything. He persuades Grendel to attack the humans because he knows that he will do it anyway(69). The dragon also knows that he will also perish, so he wants to gather all the gold that he can to display his power while he still lives. For, unlike Grendel, he ?covets gold, not souls (1).? Gold can mean different things to different individuals. To some, like the Shaper, it can cover their eyes from corruption. Yet, for others, like the Dragon and Hrothgar, it can become the source of their corruption. Everything depends on what their desire is. English Essays

World War II Memorial in Washington D.C.

World War II Memorial in Washington D.C. After years of discussion and over half a century of waiting, the United States has finally honored the Americans who helped fight World War II with a memorial. The World War II Memorial, which opened to the public on April 29, 2004, is located at what was once the Rainbow Pool, centered between the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument. The Idea The idea of a WWII Memorial in Washington DC was first brought to Congress in 1987 by ​Representative Marcy Kaptur (D-Ohio) at the suggestion of World War II veteran Roger Dubin. After several years of discussion and additional legislation, President Bill Clinton signed Public Law 103-32 on May 25, 1993, authorizing the American Battle Monuments Commission (ABMC) to establish a WWII Memorial. In 1995, seven sites were discussed for the Memorial. Though the Constitution Gardens site was initially selected, it was later decided that it was not a prominent enough location for a memorial commemorating such an important event in history. After more research and discussion, the Rainbow Pool site was agreed upon. The Design In 1996, a two-stage design competition was opened. Out of 400 preliminary designs entered, six were chosen to compete in the second stage which required review by a design jury. After careful review, the design by architect Friedrich St. Florian was chosen. St. Florians design consisted of the Rainbow Pool (lowered and reduced in size by 15 percent) in a sunken plaza, surrounded in a circular pattern with 56 pillars (each 17-feet-high) which represent the unity of the U.S. states and territories during the war. Visitors would enter the sunken plaza on ramps which will pass by two giant arches (each 41-feet tall) that represent the two fronts of the war. Inside, there would be a Freedom Wall covered with 4,000 gold stars, each representing 100 Americans that died during World War II. A sculpture by Ray Kasky would be placed in the middle of the Rainbow Pool and two fountains would send water more than 30-feet into the air. The Funds Needed The 7.4 acre WWII Memorial was estimated to cost a total of $175 million to build, which includes future estimated maintenance fees. World War II veteran and Senator Bob Dole and Fed-Ex founder Frederick W. Smith were the national co-chairmen of the fund-raising campaign. Amazingly, approximately $195 million was collected, almost all from private contributions. Controversy Unfortunately, there has been some criticism over the Memorial. Though the critics were in favor of a WWII Memorial, they strongly opposed its location. The critics formed the National Coalition to Save Our Mall in order to stop the construction of the Memorial at the Rainbow Pool. They argued that placing the Memorial at that location destroys the historic view between the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument. Construction On November 11, 2000, Veterans Day, there was a ground-breaking ceremony held on the National Mall. Senator Bob Dole, actor Tom Hanks, President Bill Clinton, a 101-year-old mother of a fallen soldier, and 7,000 others attended the ceremony. War-era songs were played by the U.S. Army Band, clips of war-time footage were shown on large screens, and a computerized 3-D walkthrough of the Memorial was available. Actual construction of the Memorial began in September 2001. Constructed of mostly bronze and granite, the construction took three years to complete. On Thursday, April 29, 2004, the site first opened to the public. The formal dedication of the Memorial was held on May 29, 2004. The World War II Memorial honors the 16 million men and women who served in the U.S. armed services, the 400,000 who died in the war, and the millions of Americans who supported the war on the home front.